Skyrim Creation Kit Getting a Power From Reading a Book

1. Introduction

This article evaluates the practical limitations and dramatic possibilities of modding (which means modifying) the commercial role-playing gameElder Scrolls V: Skyrim for the visualization and exploration of literature. The latest version of a xx year quondam game franchise,Skyrim has inspired diverse writings and musings on its relation to Digital Humanities. Digital Humanities has moved to a more immersive, participative, tool-making medium, a recent report on digital athenaeum has proposed digital tools integrate with history curriculums (Sampo, 2014) and that "digital history may narrow the gap between academic and popular history". Can games also be used to promote traditional literary mediums as well as experiential and immersive archives?

Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim does have some interesting new features. Like the previous version of the game,Oblivion,Skyrim features books containing minor narratives to help game-play. Librarians likewise play an important function in the meta-narratives and minor quests, as does a certain dragon archivist. These books can be stored or traded but now they can besides be modded via the game'southwardCosmos Kit. The game tin be modded and videos tin can be inserted equally cutscenes, but the books can also feature text and the text can be automatically read past new voices.

Figure 1: A typical outdoor scene inSkyrim.

Even though Skyrim is an action-based game, books contain narratives to accelerate game-play, and can exist stored and traded. Can books convey aspects of literature in a game setting to students and the general public who may lack the initial inclination to read the great classics of literature? To visualize new and engaging aspects of literature; can it induce them to read the text? As it is single thespian, and requires the utilise of another application,Steam, is it worth the effort? Nearly chiefly, how much effort is required of a mainstream humanities scholar to develop his or her own mods inSkyrim?

1. AreSkyrim's volume-embedded stories of interest and apply in carrying literature to new generations?
2. TinSkyrim exist used every bit a learning-through-modding tool by a classroom? Would it offer any advantages or disadvantages over a generic game engine, say the Unity game engine?

2. Groundwork

While many commercial computer games are predominantly based on violence and evasion,Skyrim has some additional features that may interest literature teachers.Skyrim'sCosmos Kit natively helps builds game levels for medieval settings (Skyrim) or for modernist settings (Geck: Fallout) but all sorts of virtual environments tin be created, even for urban visualization and tourism.

Skyrim follows on fromElder Scrolls IV: Oblivion and they share similar features. In that location are seasons and changing atmospheric condition patterns, a large and varied mural, hostile creatures, inventories, and various types of possible interaction that are not but typical adventurer violence (praying, healing, reading, tool and material cosmos and repair skills, persuading and charming, causing fearfulness, creating followers, recognizing and collecting flowers and brute specimens for alchemy experiments, buying and selling, sneaking and thievery, inducing disgust or revulsion, fermenting frenzy and cluttered behaviour, trapping souls, and and so on).

Figure 2: A typical NPC encounter inSkyrim.

The Non-Playing Characters have a life of their own, are of different '' and professions, tin observe players, speak dialogue, and can be persuaded, charmed or repelled. All these features are modifiable.Skyrim has a more developed feature for inducing people to get followers, butOblivion featured a bribe wheel where you could effort to induce a Not Playing Character (NPC) to become more helpful. It was clunky and that is probably why it was dropped, but it was an interesting culling to violence.

Effigy iii: Bribing a NPC inOblivion.

3. Theoretical Limitations

Learning most a culture involves role-playing (Hallford & Hallford, 2001, pp. 231-236) and information technology is an important genre in figurer games (Tychsen, 2006). Although rituals date back millennia (Shapira, 2014), how roles interact with and enrich rituals and vice versa has not been extensively explored in the bookish literature on figurer games (Gazzard & Peacock, 2011) even if it has been extensively discussed in anthropology (Hoffmann, 2012). Fifty-fifty the concept of what 'earth' means in this context and how world's roles and rituals are thematically intertwined is seldom discussed. I have written nearly these 3 terms in an upcoming book (author 2015) but I will reduce it here to a proposition that role-playing in Computer Function-Playing Games (CRPGs) is limited because the NPC (Non-Playing Character'south) understanding of profane and sacred infinite, of personal devotion, of dedication as interpreted in facial expression and posture, as well equally in social proxemics is limited or even non-existent. These CRPGs are notculturally interpretable worlds.

Current CRPGs seem to offer more than opportunities to support deeper cultural aspects of role-playing, but they aren't a deep and rich experiential medium for roles and rituals. We could say this is because games similar theElder Scrolls serial are not multiplayer, and they don't feature other people. Social presence does not necessarily crave multiple players –although single-player social presence is definitely much more than difficult– and cultural presence does non have to exist live. 1 thing that is required is hermeneutic richness, the depth of interpretation available to understanding either oneself, or others through artefacts and other cultural remains. Here ritual can play an important role, if it does not become too tiresome, if observing and performing it provides in-game benefits and as long as it does not seem laboured or cheesy.

Even archaeologists might non take noticed how the virtual simulation of culture is missing the 18-carat and discernible imprint of human creators. In a guest blog post on media archaeology, archaeologist Sara Perry (Perry, 2014) noted "…one of the [conference] attendees with an obvious media archaeological aptitude lamented the difficulties of studying abandoned virtual worlds wherein direct identification of homo beings was essentially impossible (for all that was left in these worlds were fleeting digital traces)… [However] nosotros have accumulated massive epistemological and practical toolkits, honed over centuries in collaboration with a variety of interdisciplinary agents—both human and non-homo."

Yes it is true that archaeologists are forensic experts of the dead, discarded and cached, but physical remnants tell tales considering they are moulded and shaped by man traces. Virtual worlds are non actually inhabited in any physical sense, and they are not culturally inhabited. Almost faux culture can exist without worship, without participation and without any other aspects of directly man care. CRPGs such asOblivion andSkyrim are not cultural worlds. So there are theoretical limitations in attempting to develop and mod (modify) these game environments for digital humanities, and especially for literature- the actual ways in which roles, rituals and cultural behaviours interact can be imagined from books. Nonetheless computer game-based interaction and the limited expressivity of keyboard and joystick every bit detached digital input cannot hope to simulate the physically embedded and inscripted nature of culture every bit a continuouslydesigned andinhabited activity.

4. Practical Limitations

How are games likeSkyrim limited? After all, they simulate irresolute climate, landscapes, hostile creatures, inventories, actor and NPC interaction (such as praying, healing, reading, tool creation and repair, persuade, charm, cause fear, gain followers, collect flowers or specimens for abracadabra experiments, buy and sell, sneak and pickpocket, induce cloy or revulsion, ferment frenzy or chaotic behaviour, trap souls). The NPCs have properties and roles, vary in 'race' and profession, can detect players, speak dialogue, and can be persuaded, charmed or repelled.

Figure four: Alchemy inSkyrim.

5. Skyrim Modding Community

TheSkyrim modding community is extensive and prolific. In that location are numerous active modding communities and various freely available mods online (http://world wide web.nexusmods.com/skyrim) merely this actually turns out to be a trouble. There are so many mods out there to download that finding a suitable mod (with the required features for a humanities classroom to further modify) is actually a logistics challenge. Luckily there are disquisitional reviews that rank the elevation mods (http://world wide web.pcgamer.com/the-25-best-skyrim-mods-2).

In addition, the mods tend to be aesthetic modifications, there are mods that meliorate gameplay or adherence to mainstream mythology, only in that location are fewer levels fabricated from scratch. We really should distinguish between mods that are unproblematic modifications of existing game level assets and mods that are basically completely new games, with new feedback and reward mechanisms, new level design, and new scripts (author 2012).

While there are fewer mods that are new games, there are some interesting additions to modding tools and modded levels. PopularSkyrim mods include aFollowers modernistic, which creates a social hierarchy of NPCs that tin can be trained to follow and obey the main histrion. There are besides mods that ensure NPCs dress according to the local climate (entitledWet and cold). And there are mods that direct NPCs to rebuild towns (Helgen Reborn).

There are also mods that retell or permit the player to interact with imaginative reconstructions of canonical literature, for example, Macbeth:

Macbeth: Skryim Version.

There are also machinima "retellings" of the Gallic wars:

Skyrim has been deployed equally a mod editor for heritage research and archaeological visualisation (Goins, Egert, Phelps, Reedy, & Kincaid, 2013) and it likewise been used to teach concepts of geography (http://geoskyrim.blogspot.com.au). There have been articles on how to modSkyrim for history and education (Mummert, 2014) and discussions on the pattern of archaeology-oriented mods (http://theskyrimblog.ning.com/group/character-building/forum/topics/character-build-the-archaeologist). It has fifty-fifty been deployed in an American university classroom (Donnelly, 2014), in a course "aimed predominantly at students interested in psychology, politics and history." And thenSkyrim tin can be used in classrooms and similar settingsas is, to develop an understanding of literature, geography, and politics. Can it also be used to modern literature into a playful visuals-supported medium?

6. Skyrim as Ludic Literature

If we pragmatically considered literature as written works (books) of lasting value and artistic merit, to transfer some the communication of these written works via a commercial game engine runs the singled-out gamble of raising the question every bit to whether such an attempt is possible, let alone appropriate. Could we even create a ludic book that is a fair reflection of a piece of literature? Perhaps this is request the wrong question: could at that place be a book-like game and if so, what would information technology look like?

Given that most game avails and game-based characters are actually designed as affordances and constraints to relatively clear and generic goals, can game-play artefacts and NPCs create meaningful play? Plainly some academics believe this is possible given at that place are fifty-fifty conferences with this championship (http://meaningfulplay.msu.edu), just there are others who are more sceptical (Van Eck, 2006).

Then we may take to alter the proper name, if "meaningful play" is defined as requiring awareness, gameplay consequence, reminders, and permanence (Morrison, 2013) then the definition does not seem to get in enough for our purposes. Here meaningful play must mean either beingness faithful to the written piece of work, provocative in relation to the spirit of the literature depicted while capitalising on the interactive medium, or instrumental in enticing new audiences back to the original work. So perhaps nosotros should limit our objectives to something more realistic: nosotros don't have to be trying to recreate the power and precision of the written authorial view. We can exist merely trying to ameliorate apply the interactive and immersive potential of calculator games.

Here theElder Scrolls series does appear to have some immediate appeal. For case,Skyrim features books that contain minor narratives to advance game-play: they can as well be stored and traded. Books can also be modded via theCreation Kit. Librarians and academics (wizard teachers) play an important role in the meta-narratives and pocket-sized quests, as does a certain dragon archivist.

Despite the fantastical and D&D styled setting, could these books be used to convey aspects of literature in a game setting to students and the general public who may lack the initial inclination to read the great classics of literature? Can the game-play either help them to visualize new and engaging aspects of literature; or induce students and the general public to read the original text over again?

I don't have completed projects that show moddedElder Scrolls examples that answer these questions, and the examples I quoted before don't have fully realized evaluations. However I have supervised an archaeological/cultural heritage projection inOblivion (author, appointment) and I can adjure that the educatee level designers did become well versed in both the archaeological content and in issues of level blueprint and usability, and they built a fully operation game level within a twelve week course.Skyrim offers fifty-fifty more power and sophistication thanOblivion so the rest of this article will concentrate on ideas that leverage the ability of the game, and volition conclude with an appraisal of the usefulness ofSkyrim for teaching via modding, and equally a platform to build interactive humanities content.

Figure 5: Aboriginal history modding inOblivion.

Notation: Due to problems of anonymity, if this commodity is approved I will reference this project and provide a further figure.

seven. Books equally Keys, Event Triggers or every bit Grooming Cues

The books inSkyrim tin go gameplay keys: when collected together, text from books adds to map information or provides more abilities or gateways to different places (portals). Books can besides double equally triggers: The designer or placed could place books to trigger specific events, to activate features in the game or the capabilities of the items carried past the player. The player's memory could likewise be tested to see if they take learnt and remembered to how identify important events or characters.

Nosotros could deliberately exit out information to encourage players to take in multiple perspectives. In games such asSkyrim we can split narrative between NPCs or between in-scene books. Books don't have to exist complete, they could be text fragments, which demand to exist constitute and placed together in the right sequence for the unabridged volume to appear. It is also possible to import RSS feeds equally images (PNGS) so one could accept dynamically uploaded volume content from the RSS feeds. And then rather than retrieve of books as carrying linear scraps of literature, they could communicate different interpretations or editors or character points of view. The order or location or timing of when books are collected and read could fifty-fifty affect the message or the player.

There are mods allowing people to create their own book covers, and a modern that allows books to be automatically read aloud, and then modders tin create their own books and assign their own chosen recorded voices:

Skyrim Modern: Read Books Aloud

So it should be possible to include fragmented oral histories as well.

Figure 6: Read Books Aloud mod (screenshot from video above).

7.1. Books to Railroad train NPCs

Books could be nerveless and used to train NPCs. Past opening books to specific pages certain events or other forms of knowledge could be communicated to the NPCs.Skyrim has more than NPC options, including the ability to collect followers. Ane peachy benefit of incorporating preparation of NPCs by players is that an external person can approximate how effectively a actor has learnt about the content past how accurately they convey data in the training of NPCs (learning by teaching).

Figure seven: A Book inSkyrim (screenshot from the game by author.)

Some other option might exist charade playing with a receptive audience. For case, collected books could enforce a modify into sure clothes to transform the player immediately into a performer (one level ofSkyrimalready does that) and NPCs watch you lot and try to guess what you lot are doing.

7.2. Memetic Drift

There could also exist a version of memetic migrate. The player could be required to trade specific books in order to run across a progression of ideas or counterfactual worlds could exist triggered depending on which books are nerveless, traded or stolen. Books could detail past key quests that are now solved; books could record their owner characteristics or update the player's map (in fact this already happens in theSkyrim game). Perchance trading specific books affects the NPCs or the books change the social dynamics between the NPCs or even bear on their understanding of history.

The actor could trade books to see progression of ideas or the relative value or popularity of ideas, and how different characters/ cultures create or understand ideas in the books. For instance: imagine playing an academic librarian. The actor must merchandise books in order to work out their relative value or to discover out the regional or grade-based popularity of the authors or how far the authors' influence extended. A more humorous case might be to create an bookish spoof where the thespian must attack, scare or ridicule (or be ridiculed or complemented) depending on which books they are conveying or have traded or take read or have placed, destroyed or consumed.

A more advanced idea is book-based role-playing. If the thespian decides to place, merchandise, destroy, give away, incant or cast spells from a book; the histrion is transformed into a graphic symbol described in the book, with that character'southward abilities and weaknesses, and their tendencies to believe could affect player control. Nightmares and illusions could also appear based on the player's new graphic symbol. At the finish of the game level the player could be asked if certain beliefs were actually in the original text, and if the beliefs were historically accurate. Some of these features take been foreseen by a mod that can dynamically historic period the advent of players (http://steamcommunity.com/sharedfiles/filedetails/?id=15566&searchtext=legacy).

vii.3. Speak Words of Power

Using the Xbox Kinect or a like device, information technology is possible to teach players a limited vocabulary in guild to control the gameplay. The Xbox versions ofSkyrim let players to speak 'words of power' to execute commands. One could adopt this by educational activity cardinal words and pronunciation to players, they learn primal words of ability to advance the game, but at the same time they could be learning ancient vocabularies and dialects. Consider as an example a gamic version of an Icelandic saga; players might learn sacred words to protect a monastic library. This learning could help pronunciation, improve memory call up and develop the appropriate use of words. Information technology would too permit players to develop an agreement of the oral power and nuances of literature.

We could extend the above idea to create a game level that features dialogue theft. The thespian has to pickpocket books in gild to learn dialogue and to learn when or where to say the lines of dialogue and to whom. Or the player could learn dialogue through eavesdropping on the NPCs. If the NPCs call up someone may have sneaked up on them then they could give red herrings or other misleading data, to ready traps for any potential spies.

7.4. Travel Guides and the Augmenting Storyteller

The books could include screenshots and mayhap pre-rendered movies to create a picture book ofSkyrim history or instructions or travel guide.Skyrim could easily be used equally a type of travel guide, which could be used in tandem with literature read in a humanities class to give students an thought of the setting of the written work. Or the students could be chore to create screenshots of game level locations that match scenes described in famous books.

A related idea might be that of augmented storyteller. For instance, the actor is asked to find flowers and herbs and connections or metals or crafts, and match to descriptions that they read in books in the game. With some modification, the game could add player-created screenshots and insert pre-rendered movies into the books to create alternative histories, individual travel guides, or personal memory collections.

7.5. Roleplay an Archivist or a Librarian

Archivists and librarians are seldom described in terms of role models, simply their dedication and care are central to the successful preservation and dissemination of cultural memory. In Skyrim much of their function has really been transferred to magicians. I could imagine a scenario inSkyrimwhere the player has to play being an archivist.

Their role could be to file books, but in doing so they might have to recall or even develop different nomenclature systems, and create preservation and information management plans (depending on what one might call data management in a medieval setting). Perhaps the more efficient classifications could lead to more powerful auras, which in turn create more than powerful recipe books, treasure finding books, or spell books. The NPCs could be used every bit customers: the archivist might accept to acquire not but how to allocate books but also how and when to recommend them, and how to notice them quickly for the NPC customers.

7.vi. Stylometrics-Author Discovery

A more complicated idea would exist that of writer discovery. The actor's task hither would exist to detect specific volume authors. Players could be required to match the way of the written dialogue in the books to the spoken language used by NPCs, the NPC authors are hidden in the game, disguised as typical NPCs. Matching texts to characters or professions could pb to interesting combinations.

viii. More than Advanced Potential Interaction Ideas

Hither are some ideas for using the new volume modding tools inSkyrim.

viii.one. Social Role Playing Mimicry

I will expand on this thought in an upcoming volume (author 2015) - and there I call information technology a reverse Turing test -, but the idea is not new (writer 2005). I mention it here as it has specific significance for CRPGs even though it would require elaborate spatial awareness, hero expressivity and natural language processing. Essentially the idea is to convey cultural knowledge through an impostor-style game where the player has to prefer, steal or change (via a spell) their appearance and try to infiltrate a local community through effectively imitating certain professions, races or individuals. The thespian must endeavour to disguise himself or herself as an NPC or take over an NPC'south office in lodge and encounter how long they last before being discovered. Unfortunately,Oblivion andSkyrim currently do not clearly and consistently distinguish between NPCs in terms of race, locality, profession or voice, and it would require more spatial awareness to allow for a rich role-playing feel.

8.2. Gesture Control

Using cameras and other forms of gestural detection (such as a Leap sensor) nosotros could ask the thespian to mimic certain physical movements or hand gestures in social club to open, close or invoke aspects of aSkyrim level. The input could too be based on postural changes; there is middleware (http://ict.usc.edu/prototypes/faast) available for Windows that can also rails the player's skeletal movement, which might be handy for anyone wanting to set upSkyrim in a Virtual Reality facility or at abode with a Kinect sensor. A more than avant-garde example could track the gentleness of movements and formality of posture when the player approaches sacred environments or characters more highly ranked in the false gild. Social proxemics is very hard to capture in virtual environments only an important part is understanding how social relationships, appropriate ritualistic behaviour and the symbolic division of architectural spaces.

8.3. Multi-player Staggered Quests

NeitherOblivion norSkyrim are multi-player (Bethesda Softworks, 2006) and the company has stated it will remain that style (Onyett, 2006), but in that location is a community modern that says it allows two players (and in hereafter up to eight players) to visit the aforementionedOblivion game earth (Atomic Staff writers, 2006; Paulsen, 2006) and another modernistic is in development forSkyrim.

In hereafter versions ofSkyrim there could be added staggered quests to increment the sense of a lived-in world with characters that take total social agency. Fans of the game take designed voluntary part-playing activities, so there does announced to be interest in more social role-playing. This may take the burden of believability off the polygonal shoulders of the NPCs. NPCs inSkyrim are NQCs (Non-Questing Characters), which ways they get far too anticipated.

With a quest that is too hard for ane player on a certain level, the quest could allow for the player to wait until another thespian appears and helps them solve it, or they have to await until another player solves a related quest before they tin complete theirs. Or depending on their race and profession, players could meet other players on unlike quests. If a player finds someone else has solved a quest such as stealing a magical stone, perchance their own quest could then change to bringing dorsum the magical stone.

The solitary player travels through theOblivion game world, solves quests, perhaps buys houses and fills them with caused weapons, wearable, books and artefacts, but that is the extent of inhabitation. Social presence is more avant-garde inSkyrim,which features NPC followers and various mods let all sorts of new NPC commands (and I will publish some of these ideas in an upcoming journal publication).

Some other option is the online multiplayer version ofElder Scrolls. I don't know ifElder Scrolls Online offers this, simply if there were multiple players entering the game globe at unlike times and engaging in different quests, they could determine to settle in a town, larn a local role and slowly attempt to fit into the local AI-directed civilisation. When these 'settled' players observe human-directed characters they could determine to enrich or divert the human being players' world-cognition, or play an elaborate game of disruptive them as to whether they are an NPC or non.

Equally a humorous side note, there is a blogger who 'inhabits' rather than playsOblivion, he has documented his day-to-day existence and his attempts to fit in as an ordinary inhabitant rather than as a player: www.screencuisine.net/section/livingin. He has also undertaken a similar ethnographic task withSkyrim (http://world wide web.screencuisine.net/the-elder-strolls).

8.4. Digital Motion-picture show-making, Machinima and Cutscenes

Although widely used and cited in the humanities, digital film making past participants seldom uses separate narrative to convey other perspectives, missing info to encourage people to navigate and clue-discover and repeat, or biofeedback to modify the story pace co-ordinate to audience response. Machinima tin be defined as the employ of the in-game real-time photographic camera (and often also the native game avails) to create an animated film (Lowood & Nitsche, 2011).Skyrim has besides been used as machinima:

Skyrim: How to make awesome machinima!

and images can be inserted into books:

Skyrim Cosmos Kit - Creating a Custom Book

or videos can be inserted intoSkyrim and used equally cutscenes, loading scenes or even every bit instructional videos − there is much to explore here. Equally a didactics tool, students could be asked to create machinima to describe their have on historical events or their visualization of a written work.

9. Conclusion

For designing historical simulations and transmedial literary creations, I have listed practical and theoretical limitations toOblivion andSkyrim, and my investigations lead me to suggest that despite its increased powerSkyrim requires more learning time in society to develop a modded level from scratch. The game tin exist used in form to hash out social dynamics, and perchance fifty-fifty Feudal, Medieval or Viking/Nordic societies. It is also relatively easy to add new designed 3D assets, or change the texts in books. Just for complex mods that deviate from standardSkyrimquests and levels, thePapyrusprogramming language will probably accept to be learnt. WhileOblivionlevels could be made fairly quickly, with the addition of a new more sophisticated programming language and as it is a more sophisticated game engine,Skyrimlevels appear to crave more time.

And then for complex modding I would probably recommend a dedicated game editor/engine such as Unity or UDK (Unreal), they are more flexible, more powerful, and tin can publish to a spider web plugin or equally a standalone game available via telephone, tablet, Windows, Mac, game console, and (in the instance of Unity) Linux.

I have also suggested eight ideas for developing interactive missions and stories that could suit or refer back to humanities content, especially to literature. The further three ideas I take described are more complicated but would have long-term benefits for interactive environments in general and could exist used in virtual environment designs every bit well.

The books inSkyrim could be farther incorporated into the gameplay, there are many mods that tin exist downloaded to extend their customizability; and books do seem suitable vehicles to develop either transmedial adaptations or create adventures and visualisations that either add to the literary imagination of students and the general public, or encourage players to return to the literature that inspired the game levels.

To summarize, as games,Oblivionand Skyrim are non fully-fledged cultural worlds for they lack cultural presence. The in-world books are not fully integrated into the games. NPCs are not as reactive and expressive equally actors, and the roles are really categories for signal accumulation, i doesn't office-play in whatever deep sense of the globe. Simply here nosotros are more interested inElderberry Scrolls games for their editors, and the community mods and tools to develop new mods from scratch. While the in-game medieval, Western or apocalyptic settings can quickly modified to some extent, for other types of levelsSkyrim andFalloutmodding is no faster than designing from scratch. That said, we can larn from the manner in whichSkyrim create its levels and quests, and nosotros can use these ideas beyondSkyrim.

References

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Donnelly, J. (2014). How Skyrim is education university students near the decline of US empireNewStatesman. Retrieved from NewStatesman.com website: http://www.newstatesman.com/culture/2014/11/how-skyrim-teaching-university-students-about-decline-us-empire.

Gazzard, A., & Peacock, A. (2011). Repetition and Ritual Logic in Video Games.Games and Culture, half-dozen(half-dozen), 499-512. doi: 10.1177/1555412011431359.

Goins, E. Southward., Egert, C., Phelps, A., Reedy, C., & Kincaid, J. (2013). Modding the Humanities: Experiments in Historic Narratives.Periodical of Interactive Humanities, 1(1), Article 2. doi: 10.14448/jih.01.0002.

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Morrison, B. (2013). Meaningful Choice in Games: Practical Guide & Case Studies.Gamsutra: the art and business of making games. Retrieved from Gamsutra: the art and business of making games website: http://www.gamasutra.com/blogs/BriceMorrison/20131119/204733/Meaningful_Choice_in_Games_Practical_Guide__Case_Studies.php.

Mummert, J. (2014, xv January). Modding Skyrim: the Value of Myth and Metaphor. Blog Retrieved from http://www.playthepast.org/?p=4333.

Onyett, C. (2006, 22 July 2007). Oblivion Impossible Wishlist. Retrieved fifteen May, 2008, from http://au.xbox360.ign.com/articles/710/710179p1.html.

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Perry, S. (2014, 3 September). What archaeologists do. Online blog Retrieved from http://savageminds.org/2014/09/03/what-archaeologists-do/.

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Shapira, R. (2014). Carmel cavemen used plants in rituals 13,000 years agone, archaeologists find: Israeli archaeologists find new clues to elaborate Natufian burial behaviors and rituals, and diet.Haaretz. Retrieved from HAARETZ website: http://www.haaretz.com/archaeology/1.570106.

Tychsen, A. (2006).Role playing games: comparative analysis across 2 media platforms. Newspaper presented at theProceedings of the tertiary Australasian conference on Interactive Entertainment (ie'06), Perth, Commonwealth of australia.

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Source: https://www.dhi.ac.uk/openbook/print/dhc2014-champion

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